Page 15 - CleanScience_Fall22

􏰀 􏰁􏰂􏰃􏰃􏰄􏰅􏰆 􏰈􏰉􏰉􏰂􏰊􏰊􏰋􏰌 􏰄􏰅 􏰍􏰎􏰊􏰌􏰏􏰈􏰈􏰌 􏰋􏰐􏰋􏰑􏰃􏰒􏰎􏰊􏰓 􏰏􏰄􏰔􏰍􏰄􏰅 nine days.
􏰀 􏰁􏰂􏰃􏰃in􏰆 􏰈n􏰒y 􏰈􏰉􏰉􏰂􏰊􏰊ed a􏰑􏰈n􏰆 􏰍a􏰊d􏰏􏰈􏰈d 􏰕􏰈􏰈􏰊in􏰆 exemplars when placed on a damp concrete surface. Immersed hardwood exemplars did not exhibit cupping because moisture was absorbed uniformly on the top and bottom.
􏰀 􏰖aminate and engineered 􏰕ooring exemplars were stable and did not distort when exposed to either a damp concrete surface or when immersed.
􏰀 􏰗he ability to obser􏰘e whether wood 􏰕ooring materials exposed to moisture depended on the type of wood 􏰕ooring􏰙 not necessarily on the duration of exposure.
􏰀 􏰚ear obser􏰘ed at the butted seams of laminate 􏰕ooring is attributed to higher swelling at the butted ends where foot traf􏰛c tends to wear more aggressively.
􏰀 􏰚orn butted ends on laminate 􏰕ooring surfaces may mean moisture exposure.
􏰀 􏰗heplasticimageplacedonengineered􏰕oorsandthe wood veneer 􏰛nish on laminate 􏰕oors are deceptive and can obscure wet 􏰕ooring for months.
􏰀 􏰜ostlaminateandengineered􏰕ooringexemplarsdid not reveal evidence of moisture exposure as visible surface discoloration, staining, or discoloration after 142 days of continuous exposure to a damp concrete surface.
􏰀 􏰗hic􏰝ness swelling among immersed 􏰕ooring exemplars was most prominent among composite products as is observed among composite building materials (i.e., oriented strand board, medium density 􏰛berboard and particle board􏰞.
􏰀 􏰖aminate and engineered 􏰕ooring did not distort despite continuous moisture immersion.
Limitations
􏰗his study examined the response of wood 􏰕ooring materials to moisture when placed on a concrete pad. 􏰚ood 􏰕ooring materials placed on plywood sheathing over a crawlspace would presumably have a different outcome because most of the water would discharge into the crawlspace and lessen the wood moisture content. Under this circumstance, the rates of moisture absorption, mold growth, and cupping would be reduced especially if the moisture source was promptly identi􏰛ed and stopped.
We did not employ olfactory senses as an instru􏰟 ment to identify 􏰕oor moisture exposure. 􏰠owever, the odors produced during this study were overwhelming
and support the common􏰟sense understanding that if you detect obnoxious wood decaying odors, you may have wet 􏰕oors.
􏰗he study simulated worst􏰟case conditions of high humidity and moisture. 􏰡ir􏰟conditioned living spaces with humidity values sustained at 􏰢􏰣􏰤 or less would experience less favorable conditions for mold growth, cupping, and diminished responses from those described herein.
􏰗he study revealed that it was dif􏰛cult for a clean􏰟 ing professional to determine that wood 􏰕ooring was exposed to water within weeks or months depending on the type of 􏰕ooring. In our study, we were able to observe damages (swelling, discoloration, mold growth􏰞 within the 􏰛rst 14 days by simply turning over the exemplar. This option is not normally available so
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References
1. Hallock, H. and E.Bulgrin. 1972. “Stabilization of Hard Maple Flooring with Polyethylene Glycol 1000.” U.S.D.A. Forest Service Research Paper, FPL 187, Forest Products Laboratory.
2. Gu H., T. Neimsuwan, S. Wang. 2005. “Comparison study of thickness swell performance of commercial oriented strandboard flooring products.” Forest Product Journal, Vol. 55, No 12, pp. 239–249.
3. Wang S., H. Gu., T. Neimsuwan. 2003. “Layer thickness swell and related properties of commercial OSB products: A comparative study.” In. Proc. Of the 37th International Wood Composite Materials Symp, Apr. 7–10, Washington State Univ., Pullman WA pp. 65–76.
4. Taghiyari, H., E. Bari, A. Sistani, M. Hajafian, M. Ghanbary, K. Ohno. 2020. “Biological resistance of nanoclay-treated plastic composites with different bamboo contents to three types of fungi.” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materi- als, Vol 33 (8), pp. 1048–1060.
5. Liu, H. Z. Jiang, Z. Sun, Y. Yun, Z. Cal, X. Zhang. 2017. “Impact performance of two bamboo-based laminated composites.” Eur. J. Wood Prod. Vol 75, pp. 711–718.
6. Forest Products Laboratory, 2021. Wood Handbook- wood as an engineering material, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-282. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook, pp. 543.
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FALL 2022
THE JOURNAL OF CLEANING SCIENCE | 15