For many years I have been teaching a course on cleanroom design, operations, and maintenance to classes chiefly composed of professionals from the pharmaceutical industry. At the beginning of the curriculum that deals with maintaining a cleanroom, I present a slide that states: “Almost all …
As many authors have previously emphasized, cleaning and sanitization (or disinfection) of surfaces are separate processes that need to be carried out in separate steps. But within the cleaning process there also needs to be a separation between the application of cleaning solutions containing detergents …
The swabs used for sampling surfaces for microbial contamination are examples of devices that are simple in design and construction, but are difficult to use without discipline and training. This article discusses why this is so. At present, swabs are widely used in the cleaning …
A basic guiding principle in understanding restroom cleaning is that almost all public restrooms have used designs and been constructed with methods and materials that embody flaws that work against easy removal of microbial contamination. These flaws include: non-mitered wall and floor intersections, walls that …
Increasing quantitative evidence points to the conclusion that children are more susceptible to infection by microbial pathogens picked up from their environments than older persons exposed to the same pathogens [1]. There are many causes that underlie this increased risk but probably the major one …
Overall, S. aureus is the most common cause of bacterial infections involving the bloodstream, lower respiratory tract, and skin/soft tissue. MRSA (methicillin resistant S. aureus) is at present the most commonly identified antibiotic-resistant pathogen in many parts of the world, including Europe, the Americas, North …